Evidence of civilization in Bangladesh dates back to 1st millenium BCE. After Partition of India in 1947 the area became known as East Pakistan after becoming part of Pakistan. In 1971 after years of linguistic and ethnic differences with West Pakistan, the Bangladesh Liberation War broke out. With the aid of Indian Military, the east became liberated later that year forming the nation of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh is one of the founding members of SAARC and a member of OIC. It is among the most densely populated countries in the world and much of it can be attributed to the fertile Ganges Delta and the monsoon rains that are the lifeline of Bangladesh. However, overpopulation and poverty have plagued Bangladesh, along with regular flooding. Despite being a constitutional democracy, the nation has witnessed many coups that have left the economy in a shambles.

Bangladesh consists mostly of a low-lying river delta located on the Indian subcontinent with a largely marshy jungle coastline on the Bay of Bengal known as the Sundarbans, home to the (Royal) Bengal Tiger and one of the largest mangrove forests in the world. Bangladesh is situated in the geographic region named The Ganges Delta (also known as the Ganges-Brahmaputra River Delta). This delta is the largest in the world. Having densely vegetated lands, Bangladesh is often called the Green Delta. The densely populated delta is formed by the confluence of the Ganges (local name Padma or Podda), Brahmaputra (Jomuna), and Meghna rivers and their tributaries as they flow down from the Himalaya, creating the largest riverine delta in the world. Bangladesh's alluvial soil is highly fertile but vulnerable to both flood and drought. Hills rise above the plain only in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (highest point: the Keokradong at 1230 m) in the far southeast and the Sylhet division in the northeast.

Straddling the Tropic of Cancer, the Bangladeshi climate is tropical with a mild winter from October to March, a hot, humid summer from March to June, and a humid, warm rainy monsoon from June to October. Natural calamities, such as floods, tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and tidal bores affect the country almost every year, combined with the effects of deforestation, soil degradation and erosion. Dhaka is the country's capital and largest city. Other major cities include Chittagong, Rajshahi, and Khulna. Cox's Bazar, South of the city of Chittagong, has a sea beach that stretches uninterrupted over 120 km; it is frequently quoted as the World's longest natural sea beach (although this claim is difficult to prove or disprove).